Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Since 2011, the Arab world has undergone massive upheavals—geopolitical shifts, climate shocks, mounting economic pressures, and authoritarian restructuring, to name a few. Dynamic responses from governments and citizens are laying the shape of the next decade.

Sanctions have cut Russia off from the most technologically advanced sectors of the global economy, meaning any plans for future economic development will once again have to be based upon trading energy commodities.

In the past year, Egypt has announced several ambitious economic initiatives. The Egyptian government will have to overcome major challenges to actually implement those changes.

After the latest outbreak of violence, the country’s transition to democracy appears to be a pipedream.

The Ukraine war has exposed profound differences in the Russian and U.S. approaches to offensive cyber operations. This can be seen in every aspect from the aims they have set to how they approach collateral damage and blowback.

It is precisely because of, and not in spite of, the fact that Moscow and Pyongyang have repeatedly held their nuclear arsenals over Western heads that leaders should take these threats seriously.

The Cities Summit of the Americas showcases three recent developments in subnational diplomacy.

China's Belt and Road Initiative has followed a unique, locally focused strategy in Türkiye to adapt to the Turkish economic and political environment.

Given existing reserves, it is possible for the United States and its key democratic partners to significantly friendshore the production of critical minerals. However, it would require an unprecedented buildout of the mining industry to achieve clean energy targets for 2030.

Over the course of the next two decades, the Taiwan question is likely to become increasingly important for the Indo-Pacific region. This paper suggests a suitable foreign policy strategy that India might adopt in preparation for a future crisis in the Taiwan Strait.