Despite these signs of progress, the severity of the governance and security challenges throughout the continent do raise important questions on the role of the AU, notably its Peace and Security Council, going forward.
This analysis draws out the implications of the UK’s 2021 integrated review for African countries and recommends next steps for African and other international stakeholders to navigate the UK’s overhauled external relations strategy.
The summit outcomes are unlikely to match the EU’s rhetoric on a new partnership of equals. But the two continents are starting to realize that they need each other.
In the long run, PAPSS could also substantially reduce dependence on external currencies, and the associated financial volatilities. Cross-border transactions such as remittance transfer by migrants within Africa and exchanges among small businesses should be easier, quicker, and cheaper.
This has cemented China's position as Africa's top trade partner
A closer look at African summitry offers a better understanding of the motives and strategies underlying African leaders’ involvement in these diplomatic exercises and shows how engaging African leaders in these summits could be done in ways that align more with their interests.
So even before the withdrawal from Afghanistan, any discerning scholar or policymaker that looked to the plight of developing countries, especially in Africa, should have realized that the current system is no longer adequate to face the demographic, economic and political realities of our time.
Exactly how far Burhan will have to bend to achieve such a scenario will depend on how enduring are protests inside Sudan and how tough a front is maintained by the United States, the EU, the UN and other bodies, such as the African Union, in demanding a full restoration of civilian government under Hamdok.
A conversation about the negotiations at the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference.
A more inclusive cross-section of researchers would help ensure that the direction and volume of climate research is truly representative of diverse perspectives and priorities and would make the output more likely to yield feasible policy solutions.