Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Influence operations are a complex threat, and the community combating them—academics, social platforms, think tanks, governments—is broad. The goal of the Partnership for Countering Influence Operations (PCIO) is to foster evidence-based policymaking to counter threats in the information environment. Key roadblocks as found in our work include the lack of: transparency reporting to inform what data is available for research purposes; rules guiding how data can be shared with researchers and for what purposes; and an international mechanism for fostering research collaboration at-scale.
The field researching and countering influence operations is growing. PCIO’s baseline research seeks to provide a common foundation on fundamental questions, including:
Our Influence Operations Researchers’ Guild aims to build an international community of investigators, working with them to articulate standards and shared principles for their work.
Membership in the Guild conveys a high standard of investigatory quality recognized by other experts in this field. Applications for membership are evaluated by an external review committee, and members commit to principles including accuracy in investigatory methods, ethical approaches to the collection and storage of personal data, a spirit of collaboration within the community, and the promotion of a diverse field of researchers.
Learn more about the Guild’s work and application process.
Evidence-based policymaking depends on measurements. But we lack robust, evidence-based measurements of influence operations’ spread, their effects, and the effectiveness of countermeasures needed to support community resilience and appropriate policy interventions.
To address this gap, PCIO and the Empirical Studies of Conflict Project at Princeton University convened three working groups with more than 40 researchers from North America, Europe, and Latin America, producing six studies. The project culminated in a Measurements Symposium with more than 60 participants from across the research community, government, and philanthropies.
Digital platforms control their data and researchers struggle to access it for research purposes. Even when data is available, the relationship between industry and researchers is imbalanced. PCIO is working with a multi-stakeholder community to develop a comprehensive transparency reporting framework, including policy ideas for regulators, to ensure independence for researchers. We do this through:
A high-level, evidence-informed guide to some of the major proposals for how democratic governments, platforms, and others can counter disinformation.
From COVID-19 misinformation to authoritarian crackdowns on democratic protests or hybrid warfare involving information manipulation, the negative impacts that crises have on the information environment can be challenging to reverse, threatening the physical safety of civilians and the democratic stability of societies.
The lines between fact and fiction have become easier to blur as new technologies create wild ecosystems of data.
Three criteria can help democratic governments assess whether an influence operation is acceptable or unacceptable.
Researchers, policymakers, and civil society groups need to come together to clarify among themselves and for platforms what type of information would be most helpful to protect the public interest and what framework could ensure this information is feasible for platforms to provide.
A new model for analyzing online threats could help investigators detect and disrupt malicious operations more quickly—and enable them to better share their insights and understanding with one another.
The partnership takes a multi-stakeholder approach to solving complex problems, which starts with fostering community. We have engaged hundreds of stakeholders around the world and continue to grow a network of influence operations investigators through our Guild. Additionally, each month the PCIO and Georgetown University’s Institute for the Study of Diplomacy convene a brainstorming session called “The Sphere of Influence,” drawing on a community of more than 80 participants.
PCIO has convened an advisory group of leading experts from industry, media, academia, and civil society to complement Carnegie’s global network of researchers. Advisory group members participate in their individual capacities and provide strategic advice in the development of new projects and publications. Learn More >
PCIO has also established institutional partnerships to promote international, cross-sectoral consensus on key issues. Our partner organizations have designated liaisons to support our work and are invited to participate in relevant projects on a case-by-case basis. Learn More >
Carnegie’s Partnership for Countering Influence Operations is grateful for funding provided by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, Craig Newmark Philanthropies, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, Microsoft, Facebook, Google, Twitter, and WhatsApp. The PCIO is wholly and solely responsible for the contents of its products, written or otherwise. We welcome conversations with new donors. All donations are subject to Carnegie’s donor policy review. We do not allow donors prior approval of drafts, influence on selection of project participants, or any influence over the findings and recommendations of work they may support.