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This report was made possible with generous funding from the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, the New-Land Foundation, the Skoll Foundation, and the Stanton Foundation. Megan DuBois, Natalie Montoya, Kylie Jones, Lisa Michelini, and Lydia Huang provided exceptional research assistance. The report benefited tremendously from Lindsay Maizland’s excellent editing, Haley Clasen’s proofreading, and Jocelyn Soly’s eye for design and graphics. I am grateful for the many government officials and military officers in Australia, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States who agreed to speak candidly in the course of my research. I would like to particularly thank George Perkovich, Toby Dalton, Vann Van Diepen, and Mark Fitzpatrick for their critiques of earlier drafts of this report. Finally, the ideas presented in the report also benefited from several insightful conversations with members of Carnegie’s Nuclear Policy and Asia Programs. While this report would not have reached its final form without the contributions of the individuals named above, I am solely responsible for its contents.